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Economist explores human stories behind development_我的网站

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A | 英伟达在过去一年中极其亮眼的盈利表现，不仅无形中抬高了华尔街对它的期望，也拉高了所谓“业绩超预期”的门槛，这使得该股陷入了一个令许多投资者感到困扰的“魔咒”：每逢英伟达公布季报后，越来越难有正面的股价回应…… 这家总部位于加州圣克拉拉的芯片巨头，将于周三美股收盘后公布2027财年第二季业绩。

Zhou Jiang speaks at an event. Photo: Courtesy of Zhou Jiang
Zhou Jiang, a researcher at the Sichuan Academy of Social Sciences, has a favorite book: White Deer Tableland or Bai Lu Yuan by renowned writer Chen Zhongshi.
As vice president of the Regional Science Association of China (RSAC), Zhou told the Global Times that a lifetime of reading has profoundly shaped the way he sees and understands the world. It ultimately led him to a career in research and academia, where he teaches and pursues scholarly work.
Since earning his PhD in economics in 2000, he has devoted himself to the study of regional science and economics, a field that demands a constant crossing of disciplinary boundaries, drawing on the fields of geography, sociology, history, and ecology among others.
"Reading has kept alive my sense of curiosity and taught me to ask questions with patience and persistence: Where do disparities in regional development come from? How do policies affect different groups in society? And how can a region pursue both efficiency and equity so that development is not merely effective, but also imbued with a greater sense of humanity and warmth?" Zhou noted.
Founded in 1991, RSAC is a national academic society dedicated to advancing domestic and international academic exchange and cooperation, providing consulting services on spatial planning, urbanization, and regional development, and offering intellectual support for China's modernization drive.
The 57-year-old researcher noted that reading has empowered him in two distinct ways.
"The first is discernment. When confronted with a complex issue, I try not to settle for a simple conclusion. Instead, I make an effort to understand its broader context, how it has unfolded, and the perspectives of the different people involved," he said.
"The second is a sense of inner steadiness. Setbacks are an inevitable part of both life and work. Good books remind us that hardship is never ours alone to bear; countless people before us have faced circumstances more difficult than our own, made difficult choices, and found the strength to carry on. Reading cannot solve every problem for us, but it can help us remain calm when challenges arise, giving us the clarity and resilience that allow us not to panic or give up too easily," he said.
Historical depth

Each time Zhou returns to the White Deer Tableland, he finds something different in its pages.
"When I first read it as a young person, I was drawn primarily to the characters and the twists and turns of their lives. Later, as I began researching regional economics, I found myself paying closer attention to the changes in the land, the countryside, families and social order presented in the story. Now, approaching 60, I have come to appreciate more deeply the choices the characters make, the constraints they face, and the quiet perseverance they show amid the sweeping currents of their times," he said.
White Deer Tableland uses Bai Lu village in Northwest China's Shaanxi Province as a microcosm, tracing the feuds and intertwined fortunes of three generations of the Bai (literally meaning white) and Lu families. Through their stories, it captures more than half a century of sweeping historical change, from the final years of the Qing Dynasty (1644-1911) to the 1970s and 1980s. The novel won the Mao Dun Literature Prize, one of China's top literature awards, in 1997.
Zhou prefers literary works with historical depth and a keen eye for social change.
Regional economics may appear to be concerned with the spatial distribution of industries, population and resources, but at its heart, it is about how people live on a particular piece of land, and why some places flourish while others decline, he noted.
In this sense, literature and history are more than pastimes beyond professional research. They often help him understand the historical context, cultural traditions and social mentality that lie behind economic data, he said.
When reading novels, Zhou said that he often pays close attention to the relationship between people and the places they inhabit: How the land shapes the local character, how transportation transforms a region, and how shifts in industry reshape families and villages. Such details may not offer a direct conclusion, but they broaden a researcher's perspective. They also serve as a reminder that research should look beyond growth rates and statistical indicators to consider the sense of fulfillment experienced by ordinary people and the dignity of human beings.
Understanding ourselves
Once, while tidying his study, he came across a book filled with notes he had scribbled in his early years. Among them was a question that particularly caught his attention: "In the face of sweeping changes in the times and profound social transformation, what can a person truly determine for himself?"
Looking at those words he had written in his youth was like coming face to face with the person he had been decades ago.
Reading is not simply the act of understanding a book; it is also a record of a person's own growth, he said. The same book can reveal something entirely different when read at different stages of life.
When we are young, we turn to books in search of answers; but when we become seasoned, we read more to understand life, to understand others, and ultimately, to better understand ourselves, Zhou said.
In this era of fragmented information, AI can help people access information quickly, organize materials, and gain a basic understanding of unfamiliar fields. Yet deep reading, Zhou said, allows people to see how a conclusion is reached — what evidence supports it, where its boundaries lie, and what alternative interpretations it may invite.
What truly shapes a person, after all, is not how much information they have browsed, but the words that have made them pause and reflect - and the words that have remained with them for many years, he added.
。如下图所示，在过去四个季度中，尽管其每股收益、营收以及未来业绩指引均达到或超越了市场预期，但其股价在财报发布次日，却无一例外地出现了下跌。 甚至在英伟达财报发布三周之后，其股价往往都无法走出泥潭。

B | 据Bespoke Data数据显示，过去一年间，除了去年第二季度仅达到指引预期外，英伟达的所有主要业绩指标其实均超出了市场预期。

C | 然而，其股价在财报发布翌日却仍遭到投资者抛售。

D | “当我考虑英伟达的业绩指引时，我也会考虑到这样一个事实：过去大约三年里，他们一直都在超预期……因此，无论他们给出怎样的指引，市场在心理上都已经默认其最终表现会比指引更进一步，”韦德布什证券分析师Matthew Bryson周一表示。而眼下尤为关键的是，整场人工智能基础设施建设的沉重押注，如今几乎全系于英伟达一身——该公司不仅被视作无可替代的主导性硬件供应商，甚至还扮演着行业“出资人”的角色。问题在于，英伟达在财报日究竟能做些什么来真正打动投资者？ 独挑大梁 据FactSet数据显示，华尔街目前预计英伟达第二财季每股收益为2.09美元，第二财季营收为922亿美元。Cantor Fitzgerald在周六的一份报告中则强调，市场对英伟达第三财季营收的共识预期已达1037亿美元。分析人士表示，在市场预期早已高度透支的情况下，英伟达或许只有再次交出超越极限的答卷，才能赢得资本市场的掌声。 Rosenblatt Securities分析师Kevin Cassidy周一表示：“如果第三财季的营收指引能够突破1050亿美元，对市场而言将是个极大的惊喜；而一旦达到1100亿美元，那就是绝对爆炸性的表现了。” 此外，相比于将利润持续砸回AI建设的无限投入中，如果公司能释放出将更多盈利回馈给股东的信号，或许能从华尔街那里赢得更多的赞美。 Cassidy补充道：“如果财报数据未能惊艳全场，我们密切关注的另一个催化剂，将是他们是否会兑现承诺——将50%的自由现金流用于股票回购和提高分红。” 英伟达在6月举行年度股东大会时，公司创始人兼首席执行官黄仁勋曾表示，基于对可持续市场增长和自由现金流生成能力的信心，我们计划在今年、明年以及更长期内，向股东返还50%或更多自由现金流，并随着时间推移继续提高股票回购和股息。 Cassidy将英伟达资本结构的潜在变化，比作苹果公司在其标志性产品iPhone增长开始放缓后所做的选择。

E | 他指出，“当大家对iPhone的增长数据逐渐脱敏后，苹果曾开启过大举回购，我认为英伟达接下来很可能会重演这一幕。” 此外，关于英伟达最新AI芯片平台Vera Rubin的消息也可能影响股价，尽管行业专家对其短期内的实际应用场景存有疑问，因为该平台的技术能力似乎远超当前可实现的商业需求。

F | “它的存在很酷，我也喜欢阅读这类新闻。但至于谁会使用它、用户是否愿意付费、以及愿意支付多少——所有这些问题目前都悬而未决，”德勤前首席云战略官David Linthicum表示。最后，无论英伟达股价在本次财报发布后如何演绎，这组最新业绩数据都将成为全场焦点，并实时折射出由AI浪潮所推动的全球股市的健康状况。正如Benchmark StoneX软件行业分析师Yi Fu Lee所言：“英伟达毫无疑问是整个AI行业的风向标。它也是我观察所有SaaS概念股的晴雨表，因为它的表现直接反映了半导体领域对GPU的真实需求是否依然强劲。”

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